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Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
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Disentangling Event-Related Potential and Oscillatory Sources using Time- and Frequency-Domain Source Imaging.

Emma Depuydt1, Miet De Letter2, Pieter van Mierlo1

  • 1Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Clinical Neurophysiology Practice
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study combined electroencephalography (EEG) source localization methods to investigate event-related potentials (ERPs) and neural oscillations. Findings reveal that ERP components can originate from both shared and distinct oscillatory sources, depending on the frequency band and cognitive task.

Keywords:
DICSEEGEEG source localizationEvent-Related PotentialseLORETA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) and neural oscillations are fundamental electrophysiological measures of brain activity.
  • Understanding the neural sources of these signals is crucial for deciphering cognitive processes.
  • Existing source localization techniques often focus on either the time or frequency domain, potentially limiting a comprehensive understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ERPs and neural oscillations originate from common or distinct neural sources.
  • To evaluate the combined utility of time-domain (eLORETA) and frequency-domain (DICS) EEG source localization methods.
  • To investigate the relationship between ERP components and oscillatory dynamics in specific frequency bands.

Main Methods:

  • Applied eLORETA (time-domain) and DICS (frequency-domain) source localization to simulated and real EEG data.
  • Assessed the spatial accuracy and specificity of both methods using simulations.
  • Analyzed the correspondence between ERPs (P300, N1, N400) and oscillatory activity (alpha desynchronization).

Main Results:

  • eLORETA and DICS showed overlapping sources for the P300, suggesting a shared neural origin.
  • Alpha desynchronization, while temporally aligned with P300, originated from distinct spatial locations.
  • Auditory N1 potentials showed bilateral activation, with eLORETA providing higher spatial precision.
  • N400 sources localized by DICS overlapped with eLORETA, indicating a distributed semantic network.

Conclusions:

  • ERP components can arise from a mix of shared and distinct oscillatory sources, varying with frequency and cognitive function.
  • The complementary application of eLORETA and DICS improves the interpretability of neural source dynamics.
  • Integrating time- and frequency-domain source imaging is valuable for understanding stimulus-locked brain responses.