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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow01:24

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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
Purpose and Procedure
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Esophagus01:24

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The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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Sarcopenia Risk is Associated With Decreased Swallow Safety in Patients With Dysphagia.

Nogah Nativ-Zeltzer1, Yarden Ashkenazi2, Lisa S Halaby2

  • 1Department of Communication Disorders, Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Most older adults undergoing swallowing evaluations show signs of sarcopenia, a condition linked to muscle loss. Higher sarcopenia risk in these patients correlates with poorer swallowing function and reduced oral intake.

Keywords:
agingdysphagiahandgrip strengthsarcopeniaswallowing function

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength, negatively impacts older adults' health.
  • Dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) is common in older populations and can lead to malnutrition and aspiration.
  • Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) is a key diagnostic tool for dysphagia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between sarcopenia risk, handgrip strength, and swallowing function in patients undergoing FEES.
  • To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia risk factors in a dysphagia clinic population.
  • To correlate sarcopenia indicators with objective measures of swallowing safety and oral intake.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective chart review of individuals aged 65+ undergoing FEES at a tertiary dysphagia clinic.
  • Data included demographics, SARC-F scores (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, Falls), handgrip strength, and FEES-derived swallowing scores (PAS, Yale residue).
  • Spearman's rho correlation was used to analyze relationships between sarcopenia indicators and swallowing outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 76% of patients exhibited critically weak grip strength, and 27% had SARC-F scores indicating sarcopenia risk.
  • SARC-F scores showed a negative correlation with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and a positive correlation with the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) for liquids.
  • Handgrip strength was negatively correlated with patient age.

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence of critically weak grip strength and sarcopenia risk was observed in older adults undergoing FEES.
  • Increased sarcopenia risk is associated with diminished swallowing safety and reduced oral intake capacity.
  • These findings underscore the need for integrated assessment of nutritional status and muscle strength in dysphagic older adults.