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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Systems Analysis

Background:

  • Growing recognition of environmental hazards posed by pharmaceuticals.
  • Need for greener drug design and sustainable pharmaceutical development.
  • Challenges in implementing "benign by design" principles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a "lock-in" analytical framework to identify barriers in pharmaceutical development.
  • To examine social, economic, political, and technological factors hindering green drug design.
  • To propose strategies for overcoming these barriers and fostering pharmaceutical innovation.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative and quantitative analysis.
  • Examination of US and European clinical trial records.
  • Application of a "lock-in" framework and Meadows' intervention framework.

Main Results:

  • Identified two critical lock-ins: misaligned timing of resources/expertise and incentive structures favoring new drug development over redesign.
  • Barriers affect greening of both future and existing pharmaceutical products.
  • Analysis provides specific recommendations for policymakers, academia, and industry stakeholders.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing identified lock-ins is crucial for unlocking green innovation potential in pharmaceuticals.
  • Overcoming barriers can enhance environmental safety and sustainability in drug development.
  • Strategic interventions are needed to integrate environmental considerations throughout the pharmaceutical lifecycle.