Genetic Variability and Diversity Analysis for Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Traits in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum...

Addressing micronutrient malnutrition requires targeted biofortification of staple crops such as pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.], which is widely consumed in arid and semi-arid regions. This study assessed 47 advanced breeding lines developed at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, to evaluate genetic variability, heritability, and diversity for nutritional (iron, zinc, protein, starch, oil, amylose) and anti-nutritional (phytate and phenol) traits. Substantial variation was observed for grain iron (33.9-121.4 mg/kg), zinc (27.4-90.0 mg/kg), and protein (7.99-15.56%). High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, coupled with high heritability and genetic advance for iron, zinc, and protein, indicated the predominance of additive gene action, suggesting that simple phenotypic selection can be effectively employed for trait improvement. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between iron, zinc, and protein, enabling simultaneous enhancement of these key traits. Multivariate analyses (PCA and hierarchical clustering) identified three distinct genetic clusters, with one group (Cluster II) exhibiting superior iron and zinc profiles. The presence of broad genetic diversity and favourable trait combinations underscore the potential of these genotypes as donors in breeding programs aimed at developing nutrient-dense pearl millet varieties/ hybrids. This work contributes critical insights toward the genetic enhancement of pearl millet to alleviate hidden hunger and improve dietary quality in vulnerable populations.