Co-developing a framework to guide school-based substance use prevention (SSUP) interventions in Ghana

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Behavioral Science
• Implementation Science

Background:

• Substance use among young people presents a significant global public health challenge, particularly in African nations like Ghana.
• Effective school-based behavioral interventions for preventing youth substance use are currently lacking in Ghana.
• Culturally and contextually relevant frameworks are crucial for designing and implementing successful school-based interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To co-develop a framework that guides the design and adaptation of school-based substance use prevention interventions in Ghana.
• To ensure interventions are evidence-based, culturally sensitive, and contextually appropriate for Ghanaian schools.

Main Methods:

• A five-step multi-method approach was employed, including scope definition, evidence review, mixed-methods social network analysis, stakeholder consultation, and framework iteration.
• Deliberative dialogue with 12 key stakeholders in Berekum, Ghana, was conducted to gather recommendations.
• The study synthesized existing research and local input to create a practical framework.

Main Results:

• The developed framework outlines ideal components for school-based substance use prevention interventions.
• It specifies intervention content, delivery agents, key stakeholders, and the application of relevant theories and models.
• The framework, named the School Substance Use Prevention (SSUP) framework, is designed to be practical and flexible.

Conclusions:

• The SSUP framework offers a practical and adaptable tool for designing and implementing school-based substance use prevention interventions in Ghana and similar settings.
• It facilitates context-specific planning, stakeholder engagement, and integration into existing school health structures.
• The framework provides a foundation for advancing locally relevant prevention efforts across Africa, with future research needed on its feasibility and effectiveness.