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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Computational Imaging
    • Image Reconstruction

    Background:

    • High-resolution X-ray CT imaging is crucial for clinical diagnosis.
    • Focal spot dynamics significantly degrade image quality, especially in low-dose protocols.
    • Current methods struggle to address these dynamic source distortions effectively.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce dynamic focal spot diffusion CT (DFSD-CT), a novel reconstruction framework.
    • To jointly estimate the tomographic image and the time-varying focal spot profile.
    • To improve image fidelity and resolution in low-dose X-ray CT.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a reconstruction framework (DFSD-CT) integrating a conditional forward operator.
    • Utilized a generative diffusion prior to model stochastic, time-varying focal spot behavior.
    • Jointly estimated the tomographic image and the dynamic focal spot profile.

    Main Results:

    • DFSD-CT demonstrated improved modulation transfer function (MTF) and reconstruction fidelity by up to 3 dB.
    • Achieved superior performance compared to state-of-the-art diffusion algorithms.
    • Significantly narrowed the resolution gap between clinical and micro-CT imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • DFSD-CT effectively accounts for instantaneous and view-dependent source distortions.
    • Eliminates the need for post hoc deblurring, offering a streamlined approach.
    • Provides a pathway for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in low-dose X-ray CT while maintaining radiation safety.