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Recent Advances in Reptile Oncology
Joshua Llinas1, Dean Felkler2, Thomas James Vowell3
1The Unusual Pet Vets Jindalee, Jindalee, Queensland, Australia.
Abstract:
From 2016 to 2024, reptile oncology literature describes diagnostic investigations and treatments of 74 patients from lizards, snakes, and chelonians. Integument and gastrointestinal tumors predominate in all species. Diagnostic use has progressed since previous reviews. Now clinicians frequently use radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography/MRI, endoscopy, and immunohistochemistry/polymerase chain reaction for improving lesion characterization, including viral associations. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment; however, adjuvant options, such as systemic chemotherapy (including intralesional and electro) and radiotherapy are occasionally used. Successful outcomes correlate with complete lesion excision and early presentation, whereas euthanasia reflects cost, lesion access, and poor prognostic indicators.
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