Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Three-Dimensional Force System

Three-Dimensional Force System

In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

A three-dimensional force system refers to a scenario in which three forces act simultaneously in three different directions. This type of problem is commonly encountered in physics and engineering, where it is necessary to calculate the resultant force on the system, which can then be used to predict or analyze the behavior of the object or structure under consideration.
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on microscopic hematuria in IgA nephropathy: a review from the perspective of disease activity biomarkers.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same author

Optical convolutional spectrometer.

Nature photonics·2026

Same author

Compliance modulation of a soft robotic atrioventricular model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Hemi-ECMO: A Novel Method of Left Ventricular Afterload Reduction for Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO).

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Nonuniform Chemical Passivation Dynamics in Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> from Real-Time Photoluminescence Imaging.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same author

Metallic 1T Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>MoS<sub>2</sub> as Sulfur Host for Room Temperature Na-S Batteries.

ACS nano·2026

Same journal

A highly conductive polar metal with efficient charge-spin conversion.

Nature materials·2026

Same journal

Giant and broadband circular dichroism from particle-hole symmetry breaking in Weyl semimetals.

Nature materials·2026

Same journal

Lattice distortion activates deformation twinning in ultrastrong steel.

Nature materials·2026

Same journal

Methane storage using metal-dipyrazolate frameworks.

Nature materials·2026

Same journal

Nanotechnology-mediated precision delivery of mRNA.

Nature materials·2026

Same journal

Operando microscopy for neuromorphic hardware.

Nature materials·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Imaging Integrin Tension and Cellular Force at Submicron Resolution with an Integrative Tension Sensor

Imaging Integrin Tension and Cellular Force at Submicron Resolution with an Integrative Tension Sensor

Published on: April 25, 2019

Multiscale-structured miniaturized 3D force sensors.

Guolin Yun^1,2,3, Zesheng Chen⁴, Zhuo Chen⁴

¹Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ygl@ustc.edu.cn.

Nature Materials

|February 18, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel triaxial force microsensor array using graphene-liquid-metal composites. This flexible tactile sensor offers high sensitivity and precise force direction measurement for advanced robotics and neuroprosthetics.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Published on: August 3, 2018

Measurement of Compressive Stress-Strain Response at Small-Strains

Measurement of Compressive Stress-Strain Response at Small-Strains

Published on: December 5, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Imaging Integrin Tension and Cellular Force at Submicron Resolution with an Integrative Tension Sensor

Imaging Integrin Tension and Cellular Force at Submicron Resolution with an Integrative Tension Sensor

Published on: April 25, 2019

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Published on: August 3, 2018

Measurement of Compressive Stress-Strain Response at Small-Strains

Measurement of Compressive Stress-Strain Response at Small-Strains

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Robotics
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Flexible tactile sensors are crucial for neuroprosthetics, human-machine interaction, and robotics.
Current sensors struggle to differentiate normal and tangential forces, limiting haptic feedback fidelity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly sensitive triaxial force microsensor array capable of decoupling normal and tangential forces.
To mimic the high-resolution multidimensional haptics of human fingers.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a microsensor array using graphene-liquid-metal composites.
Utilizing anisotropic particle networks in microporous composites with pyramid geometries for multiscale structuring.
Achieving normal-tangential force decoupling through advanced structural design.

Main Results:

Exceptional sensitivity of 110 kPa⁻¹ over a 500 kPa linear range (R² > 0.998).
Precise force direction measurement with <2° deviation.
Demonstrated force decoupling and slip detection for object grasping.

Conclusions:

The novel microsensor array significantly advances 3D force sensing capabilities.
Improvements in size and detection limit by an order of magnitude over existing technologies.
Enables enhanced robotic dexterity and micromanipulation applications.