Strategies of AI-Driven CAR-T Cell Therapy Towards Solid Tumours

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy shows significant success in hematologic malignancies. However, it faces critical challenges in solid tumours, such as suppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and antigenic heterogeneity, highlighting the urgent need for effective and safe CAR products. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into CAR-T cell immunotherapy offers exceptional opportunities to improve its therapeutic efficacy. More specifically, this paper highlights the transformative role of AI in addressing key challenges that impede the success of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumours, including assisting in CAR design and manufacturing process, identifying novel CAR-targeted genes, and detecting cell heterogeneity in solid tumours. We remain optimistic about AI-driven strategies for enhancing CAR T-cell persistence, trafficking, and visualisation in the TME. In addition, we highlight the current challenges and prospects for advancing AI-driven CAR-T cell therapies.