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The Emerging Role of Interleukin-32 in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Comorbidities: A Mini Review

Lina Chen1, Jie Zhou2, Mingjian Ni3

  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.

International Journal of General Medicine
|February 19, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a key driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people living with HIV (PLWH). Targeting IL-32 may offer new strategies for diagnosing and treating heart conditions in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH).
  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and risk are significantly higher in PLWH, becoming a leading non-AIDS cause of mortality.
  • Pathogenesis involves HIV proteins, immune activation, chronic inflammation, ART side effects, and traditional risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the role of Interleukin-32 (IL-32) in HIV-associated CVD.
  • To explore IL-32 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CVD in PLWH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current research on IL-32 and HIV-associated CVD.
  • Analysis of IL-32's multifunctional properties, including cytokine release, endothelial dysfunction, and monocyte migration.

Main Results:

  • IL-32 is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in HIV-associated CVD.
  • IL-32 promotes inflammatory cytokine release, endothelial dysfunction, and monocyte migration.
  • IL-32 is closely associated with the development of CVD in PLWH.

Conclusions:

  • IL-32 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated CVD.
  • IL-32 presents potential as a novel biomarker for CVD risk stratification in PLWH.
  • Targeting IL-32 may offer new therapeutic avenues for managing CVD in people living with HIV.

Keywords:
HIVIL-32biomarkercardiovascular diseasechronic inflammation

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