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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

6.0K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Methane Catalytic Amidation via a Plausible Copper-Nitrene Intermediate.

Jonathan Martínez-Laguna1, Anna Cholewinska2, Elena Borrego1

  • 1Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 19, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new copper-catalyzed method for methane amidation, directly converting methane into valuable compounds without losing hydrogen. This breakthrough expands catalytic transformations for the simplest hydrocarbon and other alkanes.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Organic Chemistry
  • C-H Functionalization

Background:

  • Direct conversion of methane (CH4) into functionalized products is challenging.
  • Existing methods often involve dehydrogenative processes, losing hydrogen atoms.
  • Methane amidation via nitrene transfer is an unreported transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a direct, non-dehydrogenative amidation of methane.
  • To expand catalytic C-H functionalization of light hydrocarbons.
  • To investigate metal-catalyzed nitrene transfer for methane functionalization.

Main Methods:

  • Copper-based catalysis for methane amidation.
  • Metal-mediated formal nitrene insertion into C-H bonds.
  • Mechanistic studies including DFT calculations and microkinetic modeling.

Main Results:

  • Successful direct amidation of methane using copper catalysts.
  • Demonstration of a non-dehydrogenative C-H amidation pathway.
  • Extension of the reaction to other gaseous alkanes.
  • Proposal of a metallonitrene intermediate mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Copper catalysts enable direct, non-dehydrogenative amidation of methane.
  • The reaction proceeds via a metallonitrene intermediate.
  • This work provides a new route for functionalizing light alkanes.