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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants

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Exploring Sleep Behavior and Language Outcomes in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate Using Data from a National

Stephanie van Eeden¹, Victoria C P Knowland¹

¹School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association

|February 19, 2026

Summary

Adequate sleep is linked to better language development in children with cleft lip and palate (CP±L). This highlights the importance of monitoring sleep behaviors for optimal developmental outcomes in this population.

Keywords:

Pierre Robin sequence cleft lip and palate cleft palate language development sleep disorders

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Health
Developmental Psychology
Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

Children with cleft lip and palate (CP±L) may experience unique developmental challenges.
Sleep behaviors are crucial for overall child development, including cognitive and language skills.
Limited research exists on the specific relationship between sleep and language in the CP±L population.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between sleep behaviors and language development in children with CP±L.
To identify if specific cleft phenotypes, such as Robin Sequence (RS) or syndromic diagnoses, influence sleep concerns.
To determine the correlation between sufficient sleep and language outcomes across different age points.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis of parent-reported questionnaire data from 1990 children within a national cohort study.
Sleep outcomes assessed via parent reports of sufficient sleep and sleep behavior concerns.
Language development evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (3rd edition) (ASQ-3).

Main Results:

Parental concern about sleep was generally low but higher in children with RS and syndromic diagnoses.
Sufficient sleep was reported by over 88% of children, though those with RS showed a decline over time.
Significant positive correlations were observed between sufficient sleep and language outcomes at 18 months, 3 years, and 5 years, persisting even after controlling for confounders at 5 years.

Conclusions:

Sleep behaviors are significantly associated with language development in children with CP±L.
Findings underscore the need for further longitudinal and interventional research to elucidate the role of sleep in developmental trajectories.
Monitoring sleep is important for supporting language acquisition in children with CP±L.