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Maternal Immunization.

Denise J Jamieson1, Flor M Munoz, Sonja A Rasmussen

  • 1University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, Iowa; the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and the Department of Genetic Medicine and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal immunization safely protects mothers and infants from infectious diseases. Recommended vaccines like Tdap, influenza, COVID-19, and RSV boost antibody protection for both mother and child.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Maternal immunization offers dual protection against infectious diseases for both pregnant individuals and their infants.
  • Antibodies transferred across the placenta and through breast milk provide passive immunity to newborns too young for vaccination.
  • Inactivated vaccines are generally safe during pregnancy, while live attenuated vaccines are typically avoided due to theoretical fetal risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current recommendations for vaccinating women during pregnancy.
  • To highlight the benefits of maternal immunization for protecting mothers and infants.
  • To discuss ongoing research for new vaccines relevant to pregnancy, such as for group B Streptococcus (GBS).

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature and clinical guidelines on maternal vaccination.
  • Analysis of vaccine safety profiles and efficacy during pregnancy.
  • Examination of recommended and conditionally recommended vaccines for pregnant populations.

Main Results:

  • Routine vaccination during pregnancy is recommended for Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), influenza, COVID-19, and RSV vaccines in the US.
  • Maternal immunization strategies enhance antibody concentrations, providing direct and indirect protection to infants.
  • The benefits of vaccination in preventing serious maternal and infant illness generally outweigh the potential risks.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal immunization is a critical public health strategy for improving maternal and infant health outcomes.
  • Continued research and development of vaccines targeting pregnancy-specific infectious diseases are essential.
  • Vaccination decisions during pregnancy should balance disease risks with vaccination benefits, considering individual circumstances.