Feasibility analysis of the surface code model for the Orch-OR microtubule

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Quantum Physics
• Consciousness Studies

Background:

• The Orch OR theory proposes quantum computations in microtubules underlie consciousness.
• This theory faces challenges due to the brain's warm, wet, and noisy environment, which disrupts quantum coherence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if quantum error correction, specifically the surface code model, can maintain quantum coherence in microtubules.
• To assess the feasibility of the brain utilizing such a mechanism to support the Orch OR theory.

Main Methods:

• Conceptually mapping the surface code protocol to microtubule structure.
• Analyzing quantum coherence times achievable with the surface code.
• Deriving feasibility conditions for the surface code in microtubules.
• Evaluating microtubule properties (tubulin dimers, error rates) against these conditions.

Main Results:

• The surface code model demonstrates potential for achieving quantum coherence times necessary for the Orch OR theory.
• Feasibility conditions were derived, and microtubule properties were analyzed in relation to them.
• Analysis suggests that the surface code can sustain coherence times exceeding Orch OR requirements.

Conclusions:

• Quantum error correction via the surface code model offers a potential resolution to the coherence challenge in the Orch OR theory.
• The brain may possess inherent quantum error-correction mechanisms within microtubules.
• The Orch OR theory retains partial validity for explaining consciousness emergence.