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Silicon photonic DWDM micro-resonator link initialization under fabrication variation.

James Robinson, Robert Parsons, Yuyang Wang

    Optics Express
    |February 20, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Wafer-scale analysis of silicon photonic resonators reveals device variations impact initialization strategies. Microdisks offer faster, lower-power tuning, while microrings require slower, more power-intensive methods for optical interconnects.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Computer Engineering

    Background:

    • Silicon photonic microresonators are crucial for high-performance computing optical interconnects.
    • Fabrication variations in resonators necessitate robust initialization for wavelength alignment.
    • Wafer-scale statistical data on resonator variability and initialization is limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide comprehensive wafer-scale statistical analysis of silicon photonic resonator variations.
    • To evaluate the performance of initialization algorithms based on device variability.
    • To offer practical guidance for selecting initialization strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabricated and measured over 4,600 microdisk, racetrack, and microring resonators on 300-mm wafers.

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  • Analyzed variations in resonant frequencies, free spectral ranges, and thermal tuning efficiencies.
  • Performed Monte Carlo simulations of barrel-shifting and global-search initialization algorithms.

    • Main Results:

    • Microring resonators exhibit the highest fabrication variation; microdisks show the most uniformity.
    • Barrel-shifting initialization is fast (<1 ms) and power-efficient for low-variation microdisks.
    • Global-search initialization is slower (~300x) but more power-efficient for high-variation microrings.

    Conclusions:

    • Established a statistical framework linking resonator variability to initialization performance.
    • Demonstrated a clear tradeoff between initialization speed, power consumption, and device variation.
    • Provided practical design guidance for optimizing silicon photonic interconnect initialization.