Polarization discrimination and signal-integrity optimization for 1060 nm elliptical-aperture vertical-cavity...

Dual-mode 1060 nm VCSELs based on oxide-confined elliptical apertures are presented here, showing an orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) of 11.3 dB and a high 3 dB bandwidth of 33.6 GHz. 100 Gbps (PRBS15) PAM-4 signal transmission with a transmitter and dispersion eye closure quaternary (TDECQ) of only 0.98 dB and an energy to data radio (EDR) as low as 99.6 fJ/bit is reported. At the 106 Gbps IEEE standard, the TDECQ is 2.35 dB with an EDR of 125.15 fJ/bit. For 67 Gbps NRZ, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is still 6.22, the extinction ratio (ER) is 4.75 dB, and the EDR is 198 fJ/bit. These VCSELs are highly promising for large bit rates, and more energy-efficient optical interconnects.