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Entropy loading in layered asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM systems for high spectrum efficiency visible light

Wenhui Ma, Yamin Huang, Jie Liu

|February 20, 2026

Summary

Entropy loading (EL) is now demonstrated in layered asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (LACO-OFDM) for visible light communication (VLC). This novel approach enhances spectral efficiency and system performance, achieving higher generalized mutual information (GMI).

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Area of Science:

Optical Communications
Signal Processing
Wireless Technologies

Background:

Layered asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (LACO-OFDM) is efficient for visible light communication (VLC).
Entropy loading (EL) enhances multi-carrier systems but hasn't been applied to LACO-OFDM due to inter-layer interference (ILI).
Residual clipping noise (RCN) in LACO-OFDM complicates EL application.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate entropy loading (EL) for LACO-OFDM systems.
To develop a probability-aware RCN power estimation method for accurate SNR assessment.
To improve the spectral and energy efficiency of VLC systems.

Main Methods:

Theoretical analysis of probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) impact on RCN.
Development of a constellation trimming (CT) based RCN power estimation method.
Implementation of a total power constrained EL algorithm for LACO-OFDM.

Main Results:

The proposed CT method accurately estimates SNR with reduced computational complexity.
The EL algorithm achieves higher generalized mutual information (GMI) compared to existing bit loading (BL) methods.
An average GMI improvement of ~10% and a maximum gain of 0.2 bits/symbol were observed.
CT with a threshold of 0.5 significantly reduces computation time (~80%) with comparable GMI.

Conclusions:

The proposed EL algorithm is the first demonstrated for LACO-OFDM VLC systems.
The method offers a "win-win" outcome of higher accuracy and lower complexity.
Significant performance gains in GMI and computational efficiency were validated through simulation and experiment.