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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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Maize Anther Development Involves Translated Open Reading Frames From 3' Untranslated Regions.

Chunyu Wang1,2, Yuechao Wu3, Shunxi Wang4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maize anthers have novel peptides from 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) that may cause male sterility. This research also found anthers perform photosynthesis differently than expected.

Keywords:
3′ untranslated regionantheranther developmentmaizephotosynthesistranslational regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Maize genetics
  • Plant physiology

Background:

  • Limited research exists on peptides from open reading frames (ORFs) in noncoding regions, especially 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs).
  • While 5' ORFs can inhibit main ORF translation, the function of 3' ORFs is largely unknown.
  • Understanding these elements is crucial for maize anther development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate translational regulation and peptide functions encoded by 5' and 3' ORFs in maize anthers across ten developmental stages.
  • To explore the potential link between 3' ORFs and maize male sterility.
  • To analyze photosynthetic activity within maize anthers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of translational regulation across ten developmental stages of maize anthers.
  • Identification and characterization of peptides translated from 5' and 3' ORFs.
  • Genome-wide translation profiling.
  • Physiological measurements of photosynthetic rates and electron transport.

Main Results:

  • Peptides translated from 5' or 3' ORFs can be misidentified isoforms.
  • 3' ORFs are potentially linked to anther sterility, exemplified by the APV1 locus.
  • Photosynthesis-related genes are enriched during the binucleate microspore stage.
  • Maize anthers exhibit CO2 assimilation with limited photosynthetic efficiency via a non-C4 pathway.

Conclusions:

  • 3' ORFs represent potential targets for developing male-sterile maize lines.
  • This study provides novel insights into the unique photosynthetic activity of maize anthers.
  • Further research into noncoding region translation is warranted for understanding plant development.