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Genetic-Epigenetic Interplay in Epilepsy: Pathways, Biomarkers, and Epigenome-Targeted Therapies
Andra-Giorgiana Zaruha1, Patricia Codreanu1, Mădălin-Codruț Coman1
1Department of Medical Genetics, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
Epigenomes
|February 20, 2026
Summary
Epigenetic factors significantly influence epilepsy development by altering gene expression and neuronal function. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms opens new avenues for precision medicine and novel therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder with a significant genetic component.
- Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in epilepsy pathogenesis, interacting with genetic factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize current knowledge on the interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors in epilepsy.
- To explore how epigenetic dysregulation contributes to neuronal excitability and network plasticity.
- To discuss emerging therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic modifications for epilepsy treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in epilepsy.
- Analysis of the intersection of chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and transcriptional regulation.
- Examination of signaling pathways (mTOR, PI3K-AKT, GABAergic) involved in epigenetic regulation of epilepsy.
Main Results:
- Epigenetic dysregulation, including chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation, contributes to neuronal hyperexcitability and network plasticity in epilepsy.
- Interactions between genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications, influenced by environmental factors, shape epilepsy phenotypes.
- Emerging epigenetic therapies, such as HDAC and DNMT inhibitors, show promise for precision medicine.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of the genetic and epigenetic layers of epilepsy is essential for developing effective treatments.
- Epigenetic modifications offer novel targets for therapeutic intervention in epilepsy.
- Multi-omics approaches and epigenome editing hold potential for personalized epilepsy management.
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