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Hypertension in Women Across the Life Cycle: Unique Aspects and Challenges

Rachel M Bond1, Vikramjit Purewal2, Natalie Cameron3

  • 1Women's Heart Health, Dignity Health, Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Chandler, AZ, USA. rachel.bond@commonspirit.org.

Current Hypertension Reports
|February 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension risk in women changes throughout life due to unique biological and social factors. A stage-specific approach is crucial for early detection, optimal treatment, and reducing cardiovascular risks in women.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Women's Health
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Hypertension significantly drives cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women.
  • Unique biological, hormonal, and social factors influence blood pressure risk across the female life course.
  • Women face distinct exposures like pregnancy complications and menopause impacting hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review hypertension across the female life course.
  • To highlight stage-specific risk factors, clinical considerations, and prevention strategies.
  • To integrate current guidelines for tailored women's care.

Main Methods:

  • Life-course review of hypertension in adult women.
  • Integration of 2025 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association High Blood Pressure Guideline recommendations.
  • Emphasis on practical, stage-specific screening, risk stratification, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Risk trajectories for hypertension evolve across the female life course.
  • Sex-specific factors contribute to unique patterns of blood pressure risk and cardiovascular vulnerability.
  • Stage-specific approaches are necessary for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • A life-stage-specific, sex-informed approach is essential for improving hypertension care in women.
  • Early identification, optimized treatment, and reduced cardiovascular risk are key outcomes.
  • Addressing evidence gaps and implementing sex-specific strategies are critical for equitable cardiovascular health.
Abstract

Keywords:
Hormonal influences on cardiovascular healthHypertension in womenHypertensive disorders of pregnancyMenopause and blood pressurePsychosocial stress and hypertensionSex-specific cardiovascular risk

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