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Scalable copper nanodendrites for next-generation SERS-based biosensors.

V S Vendamani1, Pardhu Yella2, Sathi Das3

  • 1DRDO Industry Academia-Centre of Excellence (DIA-COE; formerly ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.

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Copper nanodendrites (Cu NDs) offer a scalable and cost-effective solution for next-generation biosensors. Their unique structure enhances sensitivity for detecting trace levels of biomolecules, promising advancements in early disease diagnosis.

Keywords:
BiomoleculesCopper nanodendritesGRRSERSXPS

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Scalable synthesis of complex nanostructures is crucial for advanced biosensor development.
  • Copper nanodendrites (Cu NDs) possess desirable properties like strong plasmonic response and ease of preparation.
  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) requires efficient substrates for trace-level molecular detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate highly branched copper nanodendrites (Cu NDs) using a non-equilibrium galvanic replacement reaction (GRR).
  • To evaluate the potential of these Cu NDs as substrates for sensitive SERS-based detection of biomolecules.
  • To demonstrate the versatility and reliability of Cu NDs for biosensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of Cu NDs via non-equilibrium galvanic replacement reaction (GRR).
  • Structural and morphological characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selective area electron diffraction (SAED).
  • SERS measurements for detecting various biomolecules (cytosine, adenine, BSA, L-cysteine) and crystal violet.

Main Results:

  • Cu NDs exhibited preferential growth in the (111) direction, creating intense field-efficient spots.
  • High sensitivity achieved with analytical enhancement factors (AEF) up to 108 for crystal violet and 104-105 for biomolecules.
  • Low limits of detection (LOD) demonstrated for multiple biomarkers, e.g., 138 pM for crystal violet, 27 nM for cytosine, and 380 nM for L-cysteine.
  • Excellent signal reproducibility with a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of ~3%.

Conclusions:

  • The fabricated Cu NDs are robust, versatile, cost-effective, and scalable for SERS-based biosensing.
  • Cu NDs show significant potential for early disease diagnosis through sensitive detection of promising biomarkers.
  • The study highlights Cu NDs as a promising platform for next-generation biosensor applications.