Role of Interventional Radiology in Managing High-Level Athletes: Beyond Conventional Infiltration Techniques

To highlight the expanding role of interventional radiology in managing high-level athletes by presenting advanced minimally invasive procedures that extend beyond traditional infiltration techniques, aiming to accelerate recovery and preserve athletic performance.This review explores three main interventional procedures currently implemented in elite sports medicine: (1) percutaneous computed tomography-guided screw fixation for isthmic spondylolysis, (2) vertebroplasty for posttraumatic vertebral fractures, and (3) percutaneous lumbar diskectomy under computed tomography and fluoroscopic guidance. Each technique is detailed from patient selection and procedural setup to postoperative outcomes, with emphasis on imaging guidance, anatomical precision, and rapid rehabilitation.In high-level athletes, computed tomography-guided percutaneous screw fixation for isthmic spondylolysis provides immediate biomechanical stabilization, pain relief, and early return to sport, with the option of hardware removal. Vertebroplasty in selected A1-type fractures enables full weight-bearing within 48 hours and eliminates the need for bracing. Percutaneous lumbar diskectomy offers precise decompression with minimal disruption, yielding symptom resolution within days and preserving spinal integrity. Across all procedures, interventional radiology techniques have shown low complication rates, excellent tolerance under local anesthesia, and consistent return to preinjury performance levels.Interventional radiology now plays a central role in elite sports medicine, offering targeted, image-guided, and minimally invasive alternatives to traditional surgery. These techniques align with the demands of high-performance athletes, ensuring fast recovery, sustained functionality, and long-term musculoskeletal health. As interventional radiology continues to evolve, will become an essential pillar in the multidisciplinary care of professional athletes.