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Updated: Feb 22, 2026
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The Collective Trust Game: An Online Group Adaptation of the Trust Game Based on the HoneyComb Paradigm
Published on: October 20, 2022
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Who Upgrades the Plant? A Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model for PPCPs Removal Technology Adoption
Xue Lei1, Yuying Luo1, Fengmei Liu1
1School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Summary
This study models stakeholder interactions for controlling pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) pollution. It finds government intervention is crucial for effective pollution control, as market forces alone are insufficient.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Environmental Chemistry
- Environmental Management
Background:
- Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems.
- Existing research primarily focuses on treatment technologies, neglecting crucial governance mechanisms for PPCPs pollution control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the strategic interactions among pharmaceutical enterprises, wastewater treatment plants, and government agencies in managing PPCPs pollution.
- To develop a tripartite evolutionary game model for understanding stakeholder behavior and policy effectiveness.
Main Methods:
- Development of a tripartite evolutionary game model.
- Application of replicator dynamics and stability analysis.
- Conducting sensitivity analysis on various parameters.
Main Results:
- Identified six stable equilibrium configurations, with complete cooperation being unstable due to government incentives for withdrawal.
- Treatment plants' technology upgrades are driven by government subsidies and penalties, not upstream enterprise actions.
- Market-based coordination is insufficient without regulatory intervention, highlighting the need for sustained government engagement.
Conclusions:
- Government oversight and strategic policy instruments are essential for effective PPCPs pollution control.
- Calibrated subsidies and penalties can effectively incentivize technology adoption by treatment plants.
- Reducing clean production costs and increasing green product revenue accelerate progress toward environmentally sound equilibria.
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