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Updated: Feb 23, 2026
Author Spotlight: Advancing Thymic Epithelial Cells and T-Cell Research with Human Thymic Organoids
Published on: October 4, 2024
Protocol for generating human tonsil immune organoids with epithelial and germinal center layers using low-Matrigel
Dandan Meng1, Han Ding1, Qiyu Deng1
1Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering (iBHE), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Tonsil immune organoids traditionally include either epithelial layers or immune compartments, failing to recapitulate the integrated physiological microenvironment of human tonsils. Here, we present a protocol to generate tonsil immune organoids that recapitulate both epithelial and germinal center-like structures using a low-concentration Matrigel transwell system. We describe organoid assembly, immune stimulation, and evaluation of epithelial architecture and germinal center formation. This platform provides a versatile tool for dissecting human immune responses, assessing vaccines, discovering antibodies, and exploring autoimmune mechanisms.
