Thermal response predication for complex biological tissues subjected to high intensity focused ultrasound

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has shown the feasibility of tumor ablation through ultrasonic thermal and cavitation effects. However, existing HIFU thermometry uses transient heat transfer equations and homogeneous media assumptions for numerical simulations, which poses simulation accuracy limitations or couples inefficiently to real-time thermal changes. Here, we present a non-transient bioheat transfer method based on hemodynamic effects, offering a dynamic optimization scheme for HIFU temperature simulation. The method integrates a Thermal Wave Model of Bioheat Transfer (TWMBT) with Convection-Pennes. Each Formula can be individually operated, thus allowing investigation how temperature distribution evolves under the combined influence of thermal relaxation effects-critical for rapid high-intensity heating-and pulsatile blood flow-induced convective cooling, which is essential for accurate in vivo predictions via Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD). As a proof of method, we demonstrate the HIFU focal region temperature field reconstruction in multilayered heterogeneous media, tumor-embedded media with large blood vessels media, and physiologically moving media, showing the potential of this approach to provide theoretical guidance for clinical HIFU therapy.