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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unlocking the Mysteries of Oral Potential Malignancies
Published on: August 11, 2023
Gingivobuccal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Different Genomic Entity
Janani Sambath1, Snehitha Achyutha2, Irene A George1
1Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Abstract:
Gingivobuccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (GBMSCC) is a distinct head and neck cancer subtype strongly linked to areca nut and smokeless tobacco, often arising in a background of oral submucous fibrosis. Multiomics studies reveal recurrent mutations (TP53, FAT1, CASP8, PIK3CA, and AAM pathway genes), characteristic copy number alterations, and transcriptomic programs driven by extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune evasion. The tumor microenvironment is enriched with exhausted T cells, macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts. These insights support subsite-specific strategies incorporating targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemoprevention, and saliva-based biomarkers for early detection, prognostication, surveillance, and improved clinical outcomes in GBMSCC.
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