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Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping
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Author Spotlight: Characterizing DNA G-Quadruplex by Bis-3-Chloropiperidine Based Chemical Mapping

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β-Carboline-Based Fluorescent Probes Sense and Stabilize G-quadruplex DNA Structures.

Y Dilnawaj1, Priyasha Majee1, Annyesha Biswas1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel fluorescent probes based on β-carboline to detect G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures. The lead probe, BCC, shows high sensitivity and specificity, enabling visualization of G4s in cellular locations like nucleoli and cytoplasm.

Keywords:
G-quadruplexcell imagingfluorescence enhancementfluorescence microscopyfluorescent probeπ–π-interaction

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Published on: September 19, 2017

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded structures in guanine-rich genomic regions.
  • G4s play crucial roles in regulating gene expression and DNA replication.
  • Understanding G4 folding, dynamics, and localization is vital for biological insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel fluorescent probes for detecting G-quadruplex DNA structures.
  • To investigate the properties and cellular applications of β-carboline-based G4 probes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of β-carboline derivatives as fluorescent probes.
  • Spectroscopic analysis (fluorescence enhancement, quantum yield, binding constants) of probe-G4 interactions.
  • Cellular imaging in HeLa cells to determine subcellular localization (nucleoli, cytoplasm).

Main Results:

  • The lead probe, BCC, demonstrated significant fluorescence enhancement (up to 18-fold) upon binding G4 DNA.
  • BCC exhibited a high quantum yield (40%) and strong binding affinity (10^6 M⁻¹) for G4 structures.
  • Cellular imaging revealed BCC localizes to nucleoli (rDNA) and cytoplasm (mitochondrial DNA), indicating G4 interactions in these compartments.

Conclusions:

  • β-carboline derivatives serve as effective fluorescent probes for G-quadruplex DNA.
  • The BCC probe enables sensitive detection and visualization of G4 structures in cellular environments.
  • These probes hold potential for applications in studying G4-mediated biological processes.