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Nanoengineered Niclosamide as a Microenvironment Modulator for Spinal Cord Regeneration: A Hypothetical Roadmap
N Sanoj Rejinold1, Geun-Woo Jin2, Jin-Ho Choy1,3
1Intelligent Nanohybrid Materials Laboratory (INML), Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Restoring long-distance spinal cord connectivity remains a major challenge in regenerative medicine. Despite advances in stem cell therapy, biomaterial scaffolds, and neuromodulation, recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is limited by a hostile post-injury microenvironment marked by chronic inflammation, glial scarring, and extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening. This Perspective proposes nanoengineered niclosamide, a repurposable multi-pathway modulator, as a strategy to reprogram this niche. By attenuating NF-κB/STAT3-driven inflammation, suppressing fibrotic signaling, and reducing ECM rigidity, nanoengineered niclosamide may synergize with scaffold- and stimulation-based approaches, highlighting microenvironmental modulation as a realistic path forward for SCI repair.
