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Developmental stuttering with common and complex phenotypes.

Sarah E Horton1,2, Daisy A Shepherd1,3, Stephanie Siemers1

  • 1Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

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Most people who stutter have a common phenotype, but 10% have a complex one with more severe symptoms and co-occurring conditions. Both types benefit from multidisciplinary support.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Developmental stuttering is a complex speech disorder.
  • Understanding the phenotypic spectrum is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the phenotypic characteristics of developmental stuttering.
  • To identify distinct subgroups within the stuttering population.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class analysis of survey data from 327 adults with current or resolved stuttering.
  • Assessment of stuttering history, family history, co-occurring health conditions, and non-verbal intelligence.

Main Results:

  • Two phenotypes were identified: a common phenotype (90%) and a complex phenotype (10%).
  • The complex phenotype group exhibited more severe stuttering, greater negative impact, higher rates of anxiety, lower non-verbal intelligence, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Common co-occurring conditions included sleep, hearing, vision, immune, and mental health issues.

Conclusions:

  • Phenotypic analysis reveals a common and a complex form of developmental stuttering.
  • Individuals with the complex phenotype require specialized, multidisciplinary support due to associated conditions.