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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
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Differentiation Between Moderate Versus High Myopia: The 2-Continent Eye Study.

Jost B Jonas1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Rahul A Jonas8, Mukharram M Bikbov9

  • 1Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France.

Ophthalmology Science
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The study identified axial length cutoffs between moderate and high myopia, around 26.0-26.5 mm, correlating with myopic macular degeneration (MMD) prevalence. MMD was more common in Indian populations and associated with longer axial lengths.

Keywords:
High myopia-associated optic neuropathyMyopiaMyopic macular degenerationPathologic myopia

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Myopic macular degeneration (MMD) is a significant cause of vision impairment.
  • Axial length is a key determinant of myopia severity and associated pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the axial length threshold differentiating moderate from high myopia based on MMD prevalence.
  • To investigate the relationship between axial length and MMD across diverse populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of population-based studies from Russia, China, and India, including over 36,000 eyes.
  • Ophthalmic examinations, fundus photography, and ocular biometry were performed.
  • MMD definition followed the Meta-analysis for Pathologic Myopia criteria.

Main Results:

  • Longer axial length, older age, female sex, and Indian ethnicity were associated with higher MMD prevalence.
  • Axial length cutoffs for MMD stage 2+ and 3+ were approximately 26.0 mm and 26.5 mm, respectively.
  • Higher MMD prevalence was observed in the Indian cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Axial lengths of 26.0-26.5 mm serve as critical thresholds for classifying myopia severity concerning MMD risk.
  • These findings aid in identifying individuals at higher risk for vision-threatening complications of myopia.