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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

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Channel gain calibrated signal space projection using variational Bayesian estimation for optically pumped

Keita Suzuki1, Yusuke Takeda1,2, Nobuo Hiroe1

  • 1Neural Information Analysis Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

We developed Variational Bayesian Calibrated Signal Space Projection (VBCSSP) to improve optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) brain imaging. VBCSSP effectively removes magnetic field interference, even with sensor gain variations, enhancing neural signal clarity.

Keywords:
OPM-MEGSSPcalibrationinterference correctionmagnetoencephalographyoptically pumped magnetometers

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Neuroscience
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) offer advanced brain dynamics exploration.
  • OPMs are sensitive to environmental magnetic interference, complicating neural signal analysis.
  • Interference introduces channel gain non-uniformity, hindering effective signal correction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Variational Bayesian Calibrated Signal Space Projection (VBCSSP), a novel method for OPM data.
  • Address and incorporate channel gain non-uniformity directly into signal space projection.
  • Enhance the accuracy and reliability of neural signal measurements from OPMs.

Main Methods:

  • Developed VBCSSP, integrating hierarchical variational Bayesian estimation.
  • Estimated channel gain and interference amplitudes within the VBCSSP framework.
  • Validated VBCSSP using simulations, matrix coil experiments, and human OPM data.

Main Results:

  • VBCSSP demonstrated superior robustness against channel gain non-uniformity compared to standard SSP, including temporal fluctuations.
  • Optimal interference models could be selected using estimated free energy.
  • Real-world experiments confirmed VBCSSP's effectiveness, improving dipole estimation accuracy against SQUID-MEG.

Conclusions:

  • VBCSSP provides improved interference shielding for OPMs by accounting for channel gain.
  • This method is expected to significantly advance OPM-based neuroscience research.
  • VBCSSP facilitates clearer exploration of high spatio-temporal brain dynamics.