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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

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Amplitude- and Phase-Programmable Dual-Color Photonic Chip for High-Contrast Structured Illumination Microscopy.

Paolo Maran1,2, Abhiram Rajan1,2, Francesco Ceccarelli2

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy.

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|February 23, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrated photonics simplifies advanced microscopy. A novel photonic device generates structured illumination patterns within microscopes, enabling optical sectioning and multicolor imaging for high-resolution applications.

Keywords:
HiLo microscopyfemtosecond laser micromachiningintegrated opticsstructured illumination microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Optical Microscopy
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Advanced optical microscopy, like structured illumination microscopy (SIM), requires complex illumination setups.
  • Integrated optics offer compact, stable, and easily alignable solutions for light manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an integrated photonic device for generating structured illumination patterns directly within an optical microscope.
  • To demonstrate the device's capability for optical sectioning and multicolor SIM.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optical waveguides in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration to create controlled coherent point sources.
  • Optically conjugated the device to the microscope's pupil plane to generate sinusoidal illumination patterns.
  • Employed amplitude modulation for optical sectioning and contrast control.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated translatable and modulatable sinusoidal illumination patterns.
  • Demonstrated optical sectioning in High and Low Frequency Illumination (HiLo) microscopy.
  • Achieved controlled structured illumination contrast across multiple wavelengths for multicolor SIM.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated photonics provides a compact and robust solution for advanced microscopy.
  • The developed device simplifies the implementation of high-resolution structured illumination imaging.
  • This technology has potential applications in biomedical and materials science.