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Updated: Feb 24, 2026
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Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
Published on: December 9, 2022
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Large Vessel Vasculitis Primarily Affecting the Lower Extremities: A Case Series and Literature Review
Johanne H Egedal1,2, André H Dias3, Pieter H Nienhuis4
1Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital Horsens, Horsens.
Summary
Large vessel vasculitis (LVV) can affect lower extremities (LE), presenting atypically. Early consideration of LE vasculitis is crucial for diagnosis and management, even without classic symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Vascular Medicine
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Advanced imaging reveals atypical large vessel vasculitis (LVV) patterns, challenging diagnosis and management.
- LVV predominantly affecting lower extremities (LE) is an uncommon presentation.
- This study focuses on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of LE-predominant LVV.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe and analyze cases of LVV primarily involving the lower extremities.
- To review existing literature on LE-predominant LVV.
- To discuss diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this rare presentation.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective identification of LVV patients with LE involvement using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT).
- Literature search using PubMed for relevant case reports.
- Comparison of clinical presentation and management strategies.
Main Results:
- Sixteen patients (8 new cases, 8 literature reports) were analyzed.
- Most patients had non-specific symptoms; only 60% reported LE symptoms like claudication.
- Treatment was initiated for symptomatic patients, with spontaneous improvement noted in some asymptomatic or smaller vessel vasculitis cases.
Conclusions:
- Vasculitis affecting the lower extremities should be considered in patients with LE inflammation, pain, or stiffness.
- Spontaneous improvement can occur, particularly in patients without typical symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA).
- Early recognition is key for appropriate management of LE-predominant LVV.
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