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Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics
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Glycan-Binding Proteins in Immunity.

Gabriel A Rabinovich1,2,3, Christoph Rademacher4,5, Mirta Schattner1,2

  • 1Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina;

Annual Review of Immunology
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) regulate immune cell functions by interpreting glycan signals. Dysregulation of these proteins can lead to immune dysfunction, highlighting their potential as immunotherapy targets.

Keywords:
C-type lectin receptorsGalectinsSiglecsglycan-binding proteinsglycoimmune checkpointsglycoimmunology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Glycobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), such as Galectins, Siglecs, and CLRs, are crucial for immune cell regulation.
  • These lectins interpret glycan-encoded information to shape immune responses in T, B, and myeloid cells.
  • GBPs integrate intrinsic immune programs with environmental and intracellular cues via glycosylation-dependent pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular mechanisms by which GBPs control immune cell fate under homeostatic conditions.
  • To emphasize the conserved and context-dependent roles of GBPs in immune regulation.
  • To discuss the contribution of glycan-GBP dysregulation to immune dysfunction and pathology, and their potential as immunotherapy targets.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on glycan-binding proteins and their roles in immunity.
  • It focuses on cellular mechanisms governing immune cell fate and function.
  • The review examines conserved and context-dependent roles, as well as pathological implications.

Main Results:

  • GBPs are key regulators of immune cell development, activation, differentiation, trafficking, and homeostasis.
  • Galectins, Siglecs, and CLRs play distinct but interconnected roles in immune cell function.
  • Glycosylation-dependent pathways mediated by GBPs are central to immune sensing and modulation.

Conclusions:

  • GBPs are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by interpreting glycan information.
  • Dysregulation of glycan-GBP interactions contributes to immune pathologies.
  • Targeting glycoimmune checkpoints involving GBPs offers potential for novel immunotherapies.