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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Pyroptosis: Turning Up the Heat on Cancer.

Zhibin Zhang1, Judy Lieberman2,3

  • 1Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA;

Annual Review of Immunology
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death, is crucial for antitumor immunity by alerting the immune system to dangerous tumor cells. Harnessing pyroptosis could enhance cancer immunotherapy effectiveness.

Keywords:
antitumor immunitygasdermininflammasomeinflammationkiller lymphocytepyroptosistumorigenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Killer lymphocytes are key to antitumor immunity but struggle to distinguish tumor cells from normal cells.
  • Tumor cell death signaling is critical for activating immune responses against cancer.
  • Innate immune activation, including specific cell death pathways, is essential for effective antitumor immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of tumor cell pyroptosis in antitumor immunity.
  • To discuss the potential of pyroptosis as a therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pyroptosis and antitumor immunity.
  • Analysis of the dual role of pyroptosis in cancer progression and therapy.

Main Results:

  • Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory cell death, significantly contributes to an inflamed tumor microenvironment.
  • This inflammatory response can enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies and immunotherapy.
  • However, pyroptosis can also paradoxically promote tumorigenesis, highlighting its complex role.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor cell pyroptosis is a critical factor in antitumor immunity, acting as a potent danger signal.
  • Targeting pyroptosis presents a potential strategy to improve immunotherapy responses in a broader range of tumors.
  • Further research is needed to safely harness pyroptosis for cancer treatment.