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The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
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Ferromagnetism

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The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are...
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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Leveraging Conformational and Nitrogen Atom Inversion for Room-Temperature Ferroelectricity.

Alexander Ragins-Da Rosa1, Megan Goh2, Danny Jeong1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, 25 East Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 23, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrogen inversion drives ferroelectricity in azangulene molecules, enabling potential applications in advanced digital information storage. This research bridges fundamental chemistry with materials science for novel electronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Nitrogen inversion, a fundamental chemical process, lacks practical applications.
  • Molecular ferroelectrics are key for next-generation digital information storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore nitrogen inversion as a mechanism for ferroelectricity in novel molecular materials.
  • To investigate azangulene as a candidate for above-room-temperature molecular ferroelectrics.

Main Methods:

  • Crystallographic polymorphism studies.
  • Computational investigations.
  • Demonstration of polarization switching via whole-molecule inversion.

Main Results:

  • Azangulene exhibits above-room-temperature ferroelectricity in a polar crystal packing.
  • A stable, planar azangulene polymorph was isolated, challenging classical inversion mechanisms.
  • The interplay of enthalpic and entropic factors was elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen inversion can template polarization switching in molecular ferroelectrics.
  • Azangulene represents a promising material for digital information storage.
  • Understanding molecular conformation is crucial for designing functional materials.