Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 25, 2026
09:37
Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry
Published on: October 18, 2019
10.2K
Covalent Functionalization of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides using Tris(Hydroxymethyl)Aminomethane.
Alvaro Seijas Da Silva1,2, Federico Juarez-Dominguez1, Víctor Oestreicher1
1Instituto De Ciencia Molecular, Universitat De València, Paterna, Spain.
Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 24, 2026
Summary
Covalent functionalization of nickel-iron layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDHs) with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) improves catalyst stability and performance for oxygen evolution reactions (OER). This TRIS modification enhances electrode fabrication and electrocatalytic efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Catalysis
Background:
- Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are versatile materials with tunable properties for energy storage and catalysis.
- Nickel-iron (NiFe) LDHs are promising but often face challenges in stability and processability.
- Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical process in water splitting and energy conversion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance the stability, processability, and catalytic performance of NiFe-LDHs for OER.
- To investigate the effects of covalent functionalization with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS) on NiFe-LDH properties.
- To develop improved electrode fabrication methods for NiFe-LDH catalysts.
Main Methods:
- Covalent attachment of TRIS to NiFe-LDH via a modified hydrothermal method.
- Characterization using X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy (IR, Raman, XPS, XAS), elemental analysis, TGA, and DFT+U calculations.
- Fabrication of binder-free electrodes using water-based ink formulation.
Main Results:
- TRIS functionalization led to enhanced structural order and prevented oxide formation at high synthesis temperatures.
- TRIS-functionalized NiFe-LDH exhibited predominant antiferromagnetic behavior.
- Stable binder-free electrodes were created, improving material dispersion, surface area, and OER electrocatalytic performance.
Conclusions:
- TRIS functionalization is an effective strategy to improve NiFe-LDH stability and processability.
- The modified NiFe-LDH demonstrates robust and efficient electrocatalytic activity for OER.
- This approach offers a pathway for developing advanced catalysts for water splitting and electrochemical applications.
Related Concept Videos
00:55Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
4.8K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
4.8K
01:20Amides to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
6.4K
Amide reduction with strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride proceeds through a nucleophilic acyl substitution to form amines. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amides yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, respectively.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
Amide reduction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent, acting as a source of hydride ions. As shown in the figure, the reaction is initiated with a nucleophilic attack by the hydride ion at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.
6.4K
01:13Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles
3.1K
Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
3.1K
01:07Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
4.5K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
4.5K
01:23Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine Formation Mechanism
8.7K
Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
Imines are formed under mildly acidic conditions. A pH of 4.5 is ideal for the reaction.
If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
8.7K
01:16Aldehydes and Ketones with Amines: Imine and Enamine Formation Overview
7.0K
Primary amines react with carbonyl compounds—aldehydes and ketones—to generate imines. Imines consist of a C=N double bond and are named Schiff bases after its discoverer—the German chemist Hugo Schiff. On the other hand, secondary amines react with carbonyl compounds to give enamines. In enamines, the presence of a C=C double bond adjacent to the nitrogen atom leads to the delocalization of the lone pair.
7.0K