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FXR in bone metabolism: An emerging regulator
S M Mahamudul Hassan Rizvi1, Aihemaiti Shami1, Yun Kan1
1Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China.
Iscience
|February 24, 2026
Summary
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bone metabolism by influencing osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Activating FXR shows promise for preserving bone density and improving metabolic health.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Bone Biology
- Metabolic Regulation
Background:
- Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a central regulator of bile acid metabolism.
- FXR plays a critical role in modulating bone metabolism, impacting bone remodeling.
- Dysregulation of FXR is linked to skeletal complications in metabolic disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of FXR in bone metabolism.
- To highlight FXR's role in osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
- To explore FXR as a therapeutic target for bone health.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on FXR and bone metabolism.
- Analysis of signaling pathways regulated by FXR (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB).
- Examination of FXR's influence on chondrocytes, cartilage, and subchondral bone.
Main Results:
- FXR activation promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
- FXR inhibits osteoclastogenesis via NF-κB and RANK/OPG pathways.
- FXR regulates chondrocyte function, cartilage integrity, and subchondral bone remodeling.
Conclusions:
- FXR acts as a metabolic hub integrating gut-liver-bone signaling.
- FXR dysregulation contributes to skeletal issues in metabolic diseases.
- Targeting FXR offers a promising therapeutic strategy for bone density preservation and inflammation reduction.
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