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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...

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Monitoring Changes in Salivary Amino Acids in Smokers Using Nanofiber-Based Solid-Phase Extraction Combined With

Kangwei Shen1, Wei Tang2, Changjian Wu3

  • 1School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, CHN.

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|February 24, 2026
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Summary

Smoking alters amino acid (AA) levels in saliva, particularly glycine and alanine. A new method using PEDOT nanofibers efficiently measures these changes, offering insights into smoking

Keywords:
4-ethylenedioxythiophene nanofiberdansyl chloridehigh-performance liquid chromatographypoly-3salivary amino acidsmokingsolid phase extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death and disease.
  • Smoking disrupts amino acid (AA) metabolism in body fluids.
  • Analyzing trace AAs in complex biological samples like saliva is challenging due to low concentrations and interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sensitive method for determining amino acids (AAs) in saliva.
  • To investigate the dynamic changes in salivary AA concentrations following smoking.
  • To explore the potential role of specific AAs in the physiological effects of smoking.

Main Methods:

  • Poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) nanofibers were used as adsorbents for solid-phase extraction of AAs from saliva after dansyl chloride derivatization.
  • A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with an ultraviolet detector was employed for the quantitative analysis of 13 AAs.
  • The method was optimized for sample acidity (pH 2) and adsorbent loading (18 mg).

Main Results:

  • The optimized method achieved quantitative limits between 0.15–0.45 µg/mL for 13 AAs, with recovery rates of 61.8%–130.2% and precision of 3.6%–12.0%.
  • Salivary concentrations of glycine and alanine significantly increased after smoking (p<0.05).
  • Peak concentrations for glycine and alanine were observed 15 minutes post-smoking.

Conclusions:

  • PEDOT nanofibers combined with HPLC provide a sensitive and reliable method for quantifying AAs in saliva, overcoming challenges of low concentration and interference.
  • Smoking induces significant dynamic alterations in salivary glycine and alanine levels.
  • These findings suggest glycine and alanine may be involved in the physiological mechanisms underlying the effects of smoking.