[Gender Dysphoria: Updated Guidelines and Clinical Recommendations]

Gender dysphoria, also referred to as "gender incongruence," describes the distress arising from the misalignment between an individual's experienced gender and their sex assigned at birth. Historically regarded as a psychiatric disorder, it is now recognized as a medical condition requiring appropriate care, largely due to scientific advancements and advocacy for transgender rights. Epidemiological data indicate a rising demand for gender-affirming care, particularly among adolescents, although disparities persist across cultural and healthcare contexts. The diagnosis, as defined by the DSM-5 and ICD-11, necessitates a thorough assessment to differentiate it from psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders. Management relies on a multidisciplinary approach that integrates psychological support, social assistance, and medical or surgical interventions tailored to individual needs. This article examines the historical evolution of the perception and treatment of gender dysphoria, from its pathologization in the 1950s-1960s to the adoption of a more inclusive approach. It also explores the long-term effects of gender transition, highlighting improvements in patient well-being while addressing the issue of post-transition regret and appropriate management strategies.