[Neurogenic bladder]

Bladder and sphincter disorders are common in neurological conditions (stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, peripheral neuropathies, etc.). The type of dysfunction varies depending on the location and extent of the lesion. Treatment must prevent urological and extra-urological complications, improve quality of life, and promote patient autonomy. It must ensure proper bladder emptying (urination), maintain low bladder pressure, and achieve satisfactory urethral resistance. Depending on the initial assessment and follow-up, several treatments may be offered, the most invasive of which are discussed in a specialized neuro-urology center. Patient follow-up is based on keeping a voiding diary and regular morphological and functional assessment of the lower and upper urinary tract (renal-vesical ultrasound, renal function assessment, urodynamic assessment, urethrocystoscopy, retrograde and voiding urethrocystography). The frequency of follow-up is adapted to the urological and nephrological risk. A sudden worsening of urological symptoms, the occurrence of recurrent urinary tract infections, the appearance of gross hematuria, and/or deterioration of renal function are red flags that require urgent treatment at a specialized neuro-urology center.