Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Transition Zone01:28

Transition Zone

The transition zone in concrete is a critical area where aggregate meets cement paste, marked by a distinct porosity and weakness compared to the surrounding material. The adhesion around the aggregates is primarily due to Van Der Waals forces. The voids within this zone influence its robustness; initially, it is less durable than the surrounding bulk mortar due to larger voids. Initially, when concrete is compacted, a higher water-cement ratio near the aggregates leads to the formation of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emulsion-Derived Production of Drug-Loaded Microgranules as an Alternative to Spray Drying.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Design and self-assembly of an unconventional peptide-based dicephalic surfactant with an inverted architecture.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

Coconut pollen paper soft actuator: tunable shape morphism driven by vapor.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

Polymorphic Phase-Dependent Vapor-Responsive Actuation in Silk Fibroin Films: Control of Bending Angle and Axis.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025
Same author

Tuning evaporation driven deposition in sessile drops <i>via</i> electrostatic hetero-aggregation.

Soft matter·2025
Same author

The development of the Mid Yorkshire (MY) Skin Surgery Simulator: A low cost and accessible simulation model for facial flaps.

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS·2025
Same journal

Immobilization of Ytterbium via Polyphenol Chemistry on Implant Materials for Enhanced Cytocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Electrochemical Oxidation Strategy for Integrated CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Conversion.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Probing Molecular Structural Changes of Buried Interfaces between Polyethylene and Nylon in Polymer Thin Films after Stretching.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Charge Dependence of Local Hydration Dynamics in Poly(Acrylic Acid) Solutions.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Amphiphilic Lubricants Linked by Hydrogen Bonds Achieve Superlubricity and Enhance Water/Oil Tribological Properties.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same journal

Spin Dewetting of Ultrathin Polymer Films.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Micro 3D Printing Using a Digital Projector and its Application in the Study of Soft Materials Mechanics
09:24

Micro 3D Printing Using a Digital Projector and its Application in the Study of Soft Materials Mechanics

Published on: November 27, 2012

26.0K

Substrate-Temperature-Driven Microstructural Transitions in Dried Patterns of Microgel Particles.

Sanjib Majumder1,2, Madivala G Basavaraj1,2, Dillip K Satapathy1,3,2

  • 1Soft Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, IIT Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|February 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels form ordered monolayers at fluid interfaces, enabling colloidal film fabrication. Their temperature-responsive behavior dictates complex deposition patterns, offering tunable material properties.

More Related Videos

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.5K
Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Micro 3D Printing Using a Digital Projector and its Application in the Study of Soft Materials Mechanics
09:24

Micro 3D Printing Using a Digital Projector and its Application in the Study of Soft Materials Mechanics

Published on: November 27, 2012

26.0K
Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.5K
Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Colloid science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels are stimuli-responsive colloids with tunable swelling behavior.
  • Microgels exhibit distinct kinetics at fluid-fluid interfaces compared to bulk, undergoing flattening and forming ordered monolayers.
  • This interfacial behavior offers a route for fabricating colloidal films and patterned structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-assembly and deposition patterns of PNIPAM microgels during the drying of sessile drops.
  • To explore the influence of temperature and initial microgel concentration on the resulting deposit morphologies.
  • To understand the role of thermally modulated interfacial behavior in directing microgel self-assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Drying of sessile aqueous drops containing PNIPAM microgels on hydrophilic substrates at controlled temperatures.
  • In situ monitoring of drop evaporation dynamics using video microscopy and contact angle goniometry.
  • Characterization of dried microgel deposit morphologies using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Main Results:

  • PNIPAM microgels adsorb and flatten at the air-water interface, forming ordered monolayers.
  • Complex deposition patterns, including uniform films, coffee-ring, and multi-ring patterns, were observed.
  • Deposit morphology is dependent on initial microgel concentration and substrate temperature.
  • The average height of dried microgels increases with substrate temperature.
  • Spatial heterogeneity in microgel height suggests thermally modulated interfacial behavior directs self-assembly.

Conclusions:

  • PNIPAM microgels can be patterned into diverse structures by controlling drying conditions and temperature.
  • Temperature plays a crucial role in modulating microgel interfacial activity and self-assembly during evaporation.
  • This study demonstrates a method for fabricating tunable colloidal films using temperature-responsive microgels.