Improved alignment and reduced peri-operative blood loss with augmented reality-guided total knee arthroplasty: a...

Accurate component alignment is critical for successful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Robotic-assisted TKA improves alignment compared with conventional jigged instrumentation, but requires additional imaging, incisions, consumables, and cost. Augmented reality-assisted TKA (AR-TKA) may offer comparable benefits without these disadvantages. We retrospectively reviewed 116 primary TKAs at a single centre, including 77 conventional jig-based procedures and 39 AR-assisted TKAs performed using the Knee+^® system (Pixee Medical, France). Primary outcomes were component alignment accuracy and reproducibility on standardized radiographs. Secondary outcomes included perioperative blood loss (haemoglobin drop), range of motion, operative time and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS). AR-TKA improved femoral coronal alignment (90.3° ± 1.7 vs. 91.1° ± 2.1; p = 0.045) and reproducibility (p = 0.002). Femoral component flexion was more accurately achieved (p = 0.005). Tibial coronal alignment and slope did not differ significantly between the two groups. Blood loss was reduced with AR-TKA (Hb drop 13.4 vs. 18.6 g/L; p = 0.001). Postoperative ROM was greater in the AR-TKA group (130.8° vs. 123.5°; p = 0.011). There was no difference in the operative duration (67.9 vs. 72.4 min, p = 0.126). PROMs were favourable in both groups with no significant differences: FJS (72 vs. 66; p = 0.244), HAAS (10.4 vs. 10.6; p = 0.829), OKS (43.6 vs. 43.8; p = 0.803). AR-TKA achieved alignment accuracy and reproducibility comparable to conventional jig-based techniques, with reduced perioperative blood loss and improved postoperative range of motion. PROMS were favourable and comparable to published robotic-assisted series. These findings support AR-TKA as a pragmatic alternative to robotic systems, combining precision with efficiency in routine clinical practice.