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Does the total consumption model apply to cannabis use?

Thor Norström1, Håkan Leifman2

  • 1Swedish Institute for Social Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
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Summary

Adolescent cannabis use in Sweden aligns with the total consumption model. Despite fluctuating average use, frequency distribution remained stable, with increased average use correlating with more high-frequency users.

Keywords:
Swedenadolescentscannabisdistributiontheory of collectivitytotal consumption mode

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Area of Science:

  • Substance Use Research
  • Adolescent Health
  • Sociology of Consumption

Background:

  • The total consumption model (TCM) and theory of collectivity offer frameworks for understanding substance use patterns.
  • Previous research has not extensively tested these models in the context of adolescent cannabis use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the applicability of the TCM and theory of collectivity to adolescent cannabis consumption in Sweden.
  • To analyze the stability of cannabis use frequency distribution over time.
  • To examine the relationship between average cannabis use and the prevalence of high-frequency users among adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • A repeated cross-sectional study utilizing annual survey data from Swedish 9th-grade and high school students (1990-2023).
  • Analysis involved Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients for distributional stability assessment.
  • Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to determine elasticities between mean use and quantile-specific use.

Main Results:

  • Cannabis use frequency showed statistically significant fluctuations in mean use among 9th graders, but the overall distribution remained stable across survey years.
  • Mean frequency of use in various quantiles (25th-95th) was positively associated with overall mean frequency, indicating synchronized changes.
  • Increases in average cannabis use were significantly linked to a higher prevalence of high-frequency users.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent cannabis use in Sweden supports the predictions of the total consumption model and the theory of collectivity.
  • The findings suggest that changes in average adolescent cannabis use are mirrored across different user groups and are associated with increased heavy use.