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Curcumin and Curcuminoids: Biological Activities and Clinical Studies.
Vincenzo Aiello1, Domenico Iacopetta1, Alessia Catalano2
1Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
|February 24, 2026
Summary
Curcumin, derived from turmeric, shows promise as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent. Nanoformulations enhance its effectiveness for various diseases, potentially complementing traditional therapies.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology and Natural Product Chemistry
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) yields curcuminoids, including curcumin, known for biological activities.
- Curcumin's in vitro efficacy is limited in vivo due to poor bioavailability.
- Nanoformulations are developed to improve curcumin's bioavailability and therapeutic potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of curcumin and its derivatives.
- To explore curcumin's role in cancer, chronic degenerative, and autoimmune diseases.
- To summarize clinical trials on curcumin-based nanoformulations.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of literature from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Keywords included nanocurcumin, curcumin nanoparticle, and curcumin nanoformulations.
- Focus on intervention studies, controlled trials, and randomized controlled trials.
Main Results:
- Curcumin and its derivatives exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
- Involvement in cancer and chronic/autoimmune diseases is highlighted.
- Clinical trials investigating curcumin nanoformulations are presented.
Conclusions:
- Curcumin and curcuminoids possess significant biological effects, enhanced by nanoformulations.
- These compounds show potential to augment conventional therapies for inflammatory and oxidative stress-related disorders.
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