Metabolic Cystopathy: An umbrella for Diabetic cystopathy and the Obese bladder

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of interconnected conditions that include central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Although the cardiovascular and endocrine effects of this syndrome are well-recognized, its impact on the function of the lower urinary tract is often overlooked. Bladder dysfunction often presenting as diabetic cystopathy in diabetes- may stem from the wider metabolic environment of MetS. In this review, we propose the term Metabolic Cystopathy. We detail the pathophysiological connections, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, and treatment options. We stress the importance of multifactorial management approach, including urology, endocrinology, nephrology, dietetics and physiotherapy, to effectively address this condition.