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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Production of E. coli-expressed Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles for Vaccines Requiring Trimeric Epitope Presentation
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Lipid self-assembling nanoparticles as a novel platform for mRNA-based vaccination.

Arianna De Chiara1,2, Valeria Nele3, Alessia Angelillo3

  • 1CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New self-assembling nanoparticle (SANP) technology enables messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines to be stored at 4°C. This breakthrough enhances mRNA vaccine stability and distribution, overcoming limitations of current lipid nanoparticle formulations.

Keywords:
MT: Delivery Strategiesdrug deliverymRNA deliverymRNA vaccinenanotechnologyprotein coronaself-assembling nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) formulated in lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) shows promise for gene therapy and vaccines.
  • Current mRNA-LNP formulations require cold-chain storage, posing challenges for transport and distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel nanoparticle technology for stabilizing mRNA-based therapeutics.
  • To overcome the cold-storage limitations of existing mRNA vaccine formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of a lipid self-assembling nanoparticle (SANP) technology for mRNA formulation.
  • Preparation of mRNA-loaded SANPs (mRNA-SANPs) by simple mixing immediately before use.
  • Characterization of mRNA-SANPs for size, encapsulation efficiency, colloidal stability, and hemolytic activity.
  • Evaluation of mRNA-SANP efficacy and safety in mice via intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) administration.
  • Analysis of nanoparticle-protein interactions and correlation with in vivo biodistribution.
  • Assessment of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-encoding mRNA-SANPs.

Main Results:

  • mRNA-SANPs demonstrated sub-200 nm size, high mRNA encapsulation, and excellent colloidal stability.
  • Formulations were stable at 4°C without freezing, enhancing vaccine stability.
  • In vivo studies showed high transgene expression with no observed toxicity or pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
  • Protein fingerprint analysis revealed specific nanoparticle-protein interactions linked to biodistribution.
  • Administration of mRNA-SANPs encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein elicited a significant immune response.

Conclusions:

  • SANP technology offers a stable, easy-to-prepare alternative to traditional mRNA-LNP formulations.
  • mRNA-SANPs can be stored and transported at 4°C, improving accessibility of mRNA therapeutics.
  • The developed mRNA-SANPs are safe and effective in vivo, demonstrating potential for next-generation vaccines and gene therapies.