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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Multi-site bone marrow core biopsy improves diagnostic accuracy in dogs with hematologic disease.

Kristi M Smiley1, Sara L Connolly1, Rose Raskin2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America.

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Multi-site bone marrow sampling significantly improves diagnostic accuracy for canine hematologic diseases. Adding a second sampling site offers the greatest benefit over current single-site methods for dogs.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Hematology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Bone marrow's spatial heterogeneity impacts diagnostic accuracy in veterinary medicine.
  • Single-site sampling may miss focal disease in dogs, creating a diagnostic gap.
  • Optimal bone marrow sampling strategies for canine hematologic disease are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic capture probability of sampling one to four bone marrow sites in dogs.
  • To compare multi-site bone marrow core sampling against single-site standards for canine hematologic disease diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen dogs with suspected hematologic disease underwent bone marrow biopsies from four anatomical locations.
  • Two pathologists independently evaluated 64 masked bone marrow samples.
  • Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using truth set methodology and statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Multi-site bone marrow core sampling significantly improved diagnostic capture probability.
  • Increasing sampling from one to two sites improved diagnostic accuracy by 18.2% (permissive rule) and 19.8% (pathologist agreement).
  • Site-specific differences in myeloid-to-erythroid ratios and megakaryocyte counts were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-site bone marrow core sampling offers clinically meaningful improvements in diagnostic accuracy for canine hematologic diseases.
  • The greatest diagnostic benefit is achieved by adding a second sampling site to existing single-site protocols.