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Updated: May 5, 2026

Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models
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Virtual Agent for Real-Time Motivational Interviewing by Integrating Adaptive Nonverbal Behavior and Language Models

Published on: December 23, 2025

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Beyond the bot: Instructor facilitation, self-efficacy, and online English motivation in an AI-rich era

Suqing Liu1

  • 1School of Foreign Languages, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.

Acta Psychologica
|February 25, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
AI-chatbot–assisted English practiceChinese higher educationE-communication self-efficacyE-instructor facilitationE-social English learning exposureEcological systems theory

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