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Events at predicted location expand in time.

Shamini Warda1,2, Azizuddin Khan3

  • 1Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|February 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predicting an event's location can alter how long it seems to last. Events at predicted locations are perceived as longer, possibly due to attentional mechanisms influencing duration perception.

Keywords:
AttentionEye-movement measuresPerceived durationPredictive processes

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Perception science

Background:

  • Perceived duration is influenced by event predictability.
  • Previous research focused on identity prediction, not location prediction.
  • Eye movements are crucial for understanding perceptual processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of location-based predictions on perceived duration.
  • To explore the role of eye movements in this phenomenon.
  • To elucidate the underlying attentional mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent tracking of eye movements during event perception.
  • Controlled prestimulus eye movements to isolate effects.
  • Analysis of fixation duration, saccadic amplitude, and pupil size.

Main Results:

  • Events at predicted locations were perceived as having a longer duration.
  • Higher sensitivity to unpredicted events when eye movements were controlled.
  • Longer fixation duration and smaller saccadic amplitude correlated with perceived duration expansion.
  • Increased pupil size after target offset in predicted conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Location-based predictability expands perceived event duration.
  • Attentional mechanisms, reflected in eye movement patterns and pupil response, likely underlie this effect.
  • Eye movement metrics and pupil size serve as reliable indicators of attentional processes influencing time perception.